Potential Dangers of Hypnosis Essay

This composition was entailed to probe the dangers inflicted in humans by using hypnosis as means of mind therapy.   Many investigative reports have been compiled to get to the bottom of hypnosis and edify humans about it. As you read along, many issues will be discussed and you might as well find yourself fascinated by the world of hypnosis. Hypnosis is an instinctive psychological method in which vital thinking capacity of the mind is circumvent and a form of selective thinking and perception is recognized. This piece of writing will embark upon on the possible dangers caused by hypnotism on humans, as humans seek remedy on their ailment or plainly would want to experience the shot of hypnosis. Possible Menace and Difficulties of Hypnosis   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin with, a number of psychologists and other mental health professionals are being apprehensive that practitioners of hypnosis who are unlicensed health professionals might bring about extreme emotions in their clients. Adverse consequences might occur when unexpectedly or decisively recalling traumatic events or, some believe, impulsive mental breakdowns. Fallacious memory accomplished by means of hypnosis has formed outstandingly in many investigations done by the authorities and court cases, as well as cases of alleged sexual abuse. Until now, there is no scientific approach to provide evidence that any of these recollections are absolutely precise.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Whichever tool can be utilized either to benefit us or harm us. The person using hypnosis is the one drawing danger interrelated with hypnosis.   Threat does not come from the tool itself, but rather from the person using it.   The true menace lies in an incompetent therapy at the hands of unscrupulous hypnotist (Niehaus, p. 67). Another thing that can explain why hypnosis is treacherous, the mind loses its capability to differentiate between reality and flight of the imagination (truth and error). It also hold backs one’s ability to tell the difference between factual memories and suggested or engrafted memories. That can be harmful because if you can be easily hoodwinked, then anybody can take benefit from this lucky break. On the way to the end of 1994, the death of Sharon Tabarn shocked the Great Britain. Her story of death was all over tabloids.   She died several hours after involving herself in a hypnotic show performed by a young hypnotist by the name of Andrew Vincent. When the call was made asking for volunteers, Sharon, a 24-year-old mother of two daughters had experienced that inner inclination to put herself forward into the hands of Vincent. Sharon was evidently one of the foremost stars of the show as Vincent did his routine through a Madonna technique and other out of the ordinary post-hypnotic suggestions. As the show came to a close Vincent told her that he will count from one to three and clap his hands, and as he clap his hands she will feel 10,000 volts of electricity will be directed through her chair and it will bring too much pain. The next morning, Sharon was found dead in her bed. Sharon received a bad electric shock experience as a child and ever since that day, she had a great fear of electricity. Due to Sharon’s fear or phobia about electricity, the fact that she was a deep- reverie subject, and the senseless, dreadful and malevolent suggestion of experiencing a 10,000-volt electric shock which would really injure, this was the reason why her pituitary gland releases hormone called Prolactin. It prevented her from awakening when she vomited in her sleep. Probably the concoction of alcohol, endorphins and Prolactin could be categorized as a way of death through natural causes, even though hypnosis was the trigger which caused this tragic accident. Stage hypnosis is tremendously dangerous. Aside from the fact that there are the dangers of hypnosis, it is also morally mortifying for the participants involved. Many of whom will have no memory recall, but it can, and has, led to the death of a young mother. It also has been the trigger for possibly dozens or even hundreds of people go through into emotional and mental disproportion, leading these people eventually to the mental hospital. Hypnotism condenses self-determinism by interjecting the instructions of another underneath the analytical level of an individual’s mind. It is a control mechanism in which a domineering individual, cult, or ideology delight. People who pander to hypnotism may only be interested in experimentation involving human minds (Atack, 1995).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There were reports of complications occurring after a person undergone a hypnosis. Some causes of strange behaviour after such mind therapy can be an amateur hypnosis, removal of symptom by a direct command, treatment of condition that the hypnotist is not trained to treat without the use of hypnosis and when an inadvertent post hypnotic suggestion has been made (Kougell, 2000).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Presently, hypnosis was also being practiced by some medical practitioners to treat persons who are ill-infected.   Although hypnosis was exercised by some medical practitioners, there can still be an array of unexpected unwanted impressions, feelings or behaviours during or after hypnosis which are incompatible with settled goals and hold back with the hypnotic process by destructing optimal mental performance with no prior occurrences or history of similar mental or physical symptoms. Here are some list of complications associated with hypnosis, it may include one of these behaviour; antisocial acting out, anxiety, panic attacks, identity crisis, self-image distortion, comprehension loss, concentration loss, depression, headache, nausea, vomiting, memory impaired, dizziness, medical emergencies, stiffness of arms and neck, sexual acting out, traumatic recalls, sexual dysfunction, phobia aversion, physical discomfort, obsessive ruminations, symptom substitution, psychotic-like delusional thinking, impaired coping skills, body tremors, uncontrolled weeping   and may others.   These after-effects of hypnosis were experienced by those who have undergone hypnosis, medical researches has been conducted to explain why these things happen after such procedure but until today, no one can fully convey why these things takes place. Conclusion Hypnosis is denoted to as an altered transformation of state of consciousness, which generally comprises a social interaction between two people. It includes two individuals which is the hypnotist and his subject.   Involving hypnosis to treat various diseases or sickness is widely used by medical practitioners around the globe, from simple dental settings down to cancer ill patients. Hypnosis is also subject to significant assessment and analysis, as with any other eccentric forms of therapy. There are numbers of psychiatrists who come up with the assumption that hypnosis is dangerous, more than ever when practiced by non-psychiatrists. Countless well-known magazines and medical journals have published articles lay emphasis on the dangers of this form of therapy when acted upon by non-certified practitioners. Hypnosis, however, is open to use wrongly by non-certified practitioners and at times the danger lies there. According to experts, in order to avoid danger, any hypnotic performance should always come to an end; or a period of time should be set for this to end. An example of this is in case like hypnotic anesthesia. A period of time to end the activity should be set when inducing hypnotic anesthesia, for the reason that pain has a meaning and it is nature’s way of forewarning us that something is wrong in our body and in our system. No pain should be fastened off using hypnosis unless the starting place of pain is ascertained. As a final point, hypnosis, as with any other forms of therapy, does not come wholly without any technical hitches or complications. Proper erudition and understanding of this method is necessary to avoid serious complication. References: Atack, John C (1995). Never believe a hypnotist: An investigation of L. Ron Hubbard’s   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   statement about hypnosis and its relationship to his Dianetics. Retrieved April 2, 2008,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   from http://home.snafu.de/tilman/j/hypnosis.html/ Kougell, Maurice (2000). Possible dangers and complications. Retrieved April 2, 2008, from   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.brooksidecenter.com/possible_dangers_and_complication.htm Niehaus, Joe (1998). Investigative forensic hypnosis. United Sates: CRC Press   

Hamlet vs Agamemnon Essay

In my opinion, the play Hamlet is more tragic than Agamemnon. They are both tragedies as they both fulfill Aristotle’s definition of tragedy as they both depict the downfall of a basically good person through some fatal error or misjudgment, which produces suffering and insight on the part of the protagonist and arousing pity and fear on the part of the audience. They also have all the elements of Greek tragedy such as hubris, catharsis, peripeteia, anagnorisis, and hamartia (â€Å"Ancient Greek Tragedy†). The most important reason that Hamlet is more tragic, in my opinion, is because the protagonist, Hamlet, is an integral part of the play and his character is much more developed. In Agamemnon , the protagonist, Agamemnon, is a secondary character to his wife who, in my opinion is the main character. Hamlet is a tragic hero, as is Agamemnon, following Aristotle’s criteria for the elements of a tragic hero. For example, they both evoke the audience’s pity and fear, have a major flaw of character and are destined to fall in some way (â€Å"Tragedy in Drama†). However, because Hamlet is the main character, we see, hear and understand more of his character. When Hamlet delivers his many dramatic soliloquies about mortality, betrayal, and the futility of life, he shows us his tortured world and the anguish, grief, and uncertainty which eventually takes over his life, leading to his death (â€Å"Hamlet Tone†). As the reader, I felt so much sympathy for Hamlet and this made the play more tragic. On the other hand, the reader knows more about Agamemnon from the Chorus and other characters, rather than from the character himself. The reader has much less insight into his personality and feelings and I found that, as the tragic hero, he lacked the emotion of Ham let.

Canopic Stopper of King Tut

A lot of different statuettes, busts, vases, elements of decorations, etc. from those times were presented at the exhibition in Los Angeles County Museum of Arts. But I was especially fascinated with a little bust from the canopic chest of King Tut, made of delicately patterned transparent calcite. This elegant bust reproduces King Tut himself wearing the nemes head-dress. The creators of it used subtle black and red paints to underline facial details of good-looking Egyptian king: his big eyes, eyebrows and lips, demonstrating feminized nature of this person. Traditionally, the face of King Tut is presented with decorations of protective cobra and vulture, appearing from his head-dress. This small statuette is typical exemplar of Egyptian ancient art, which is characterized with features of early frontalism: every picture (in painting) or figure (in sculpture) was presented in rigid and formal posture. This bust was found in a shrine of King Tut, on a magnificent canopic chest made of alabaster and gorgeously decorated with golden staples. There were, actually, four of such busts, which were located in every corner of the chest and served as stoppers. These stoppers were sealing four compartments of the chest, in which four miniature anthropomorphic coffins, containing mummified inner organs of the king, were stored. King Tut (Tutankhamen) is one of the most known and recognizable pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. He was the Ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egyptian Kings, who started his reign in the age of 9 and died at the age of 19. Certainly, he ruled under supervision and control of his adult advisers: in particular, his vizier and future successor Ay. The main social reconstruction, made by King Tut, is conversion of heretical Atenism, launched by his predecessor King Akhenaton, to previous traditional ancient Egyptian religion. Causes of his death still remain unknown, and there are some suggestions on this issue. Some specialists consider him to be murdered; the others consider his death to be accidental. After watching this sculpture of young pharaoh for some long period of time, first of all, I started paying more attention on its divine material. This transparent calcite is called Egyptian alabaster, which was, probably, enriched with some phosphoric materials. That is why the bust looks so lucid and shining, as if time did not touch it at all. I noticed that in this magic shining the representation of King Tut looked exceptionally graciously, and he seemed to me to be very calm and friendly as a person. The more I watched, the more I could realize, how different it is to see figures and statues in real dimensions, not as reproductions in the books. This way so many details, like features of the face, head position, profile line, vivid natural colors, and so on, can be better observed and considered. There is no printed picture, which can properly show the light, color, shape or delicacy of ancient artworks. So, if we want to receive some good idea about such treasures, we have to see them live. That is why such exhibitions are extremely popular and always crowded. There are many known representations and images of King Tut, which remained from ancient times. Recently the revolutionary event took place, when the team of Egyptian, American and French specialists managed to receive a new facial image of Tutankhamen. It was presented in three-dimensional CT scans of the Pharaoh’s skull, but the only uncertainty was left, which is the tone of King Tut’s skin. Of course, such researches are priceless. But, to my mind, there is no better imagination of a historical personage, than the one, which can be received from observing original artworks and genuine historical materials. After visiting this exhibition, I have formed my own clear picture of this Egyptian legendary king in my mind, which, I suppose, is not very different from his real appearance and character. Bibliography: â€Å"Canopic Stopper of King Tut.† King Tut. King Tut Exhibition, Los Angeles County Museum of Arts. 8 Nov. 2005 ;http://www.kingtut.org/gallery/Gold_57.htm;. â€Å"Tutankhamen.† Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 6 Nov. 2005. 8 Nov. 2005 ;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Tut;. ; Canopic Stopper of King Tut A lot of different statuettes, busts, vases, elements of decorations, etc. from those times were presented at the exhibition in Los Angeles County Museum of Arts. But I was especially fascinated with a little bust from the canopic chest of King Tut, made of delicately patterned transparent calcite. This elegant bust reproduces King Tut himself wearing the nemes head-dress. The creators of it used subtle black and red paints to underline facial details of good-looking Egyptian king: his big eyes, eyebrows and lips, demonstrating feminized nature of this person. Traditionally, the face of King Tut is presented with decorations of protective cobra and vulture, appearing from his head-dress. This small statuette is typical exemplar of Egyptian ancient art, which is characterized with features of early frontalism: every picture (in painting) or figure (in sculpture) was presented in rigid and formal posture. This bust was found in a shrine of King Tut, on a magnificent canopic chest made of alabaster and gorgeously decorated with golden staples. There were, actually, four of such busts, which were located in every corner of the chest and served as stoppers. These stoppers were sealing four compartments of the chest, in which four miniature anthropomorphic coffins, containing mummified inner organs of the king, were stored. King Tut (Tutankhamen) is one of the most known and recognizable pharaohs of Ancient Egypt. He was the Ruler of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egyptian Kings, who started his reign in the age of 9 and died at the age of 19. Certainly, he ruled under supervision and control of his adult advisers: in particular, his vizier and future successor Ay. The main social reconstruction, made by King Tut, is conversion of heretical Atenism, launched by his predecessor King Akhenaton, to previous traditional ancient Egyptian religion. Causes of his death still remain unknown, and there are some suggestions on this issue. Some specialists consider him to be murdered; the others consider his death to be accidental. After watching this sculpture of young pharaoh for some long period of time, first of all, I started paying more attention on its divine material. This transparent calcite is called Egyptian alabaster, which was, probably, enriched with some phosphoric materials. That is why the bust looks so lucid and shining, as if time did not touch it at all. I noticed that in this magic shining the representation of King Tut looked exceptionally graciously, and he seemed to me to be very calm and friendly as a person. The more I watched, the more I could realize, how different it is to see figures and statues in real dimensions, not as reproductions in the books. This way so many details, like features of the face, head position, profile line, vivid natural colors, and so on, can be better observed and considered. There is no printed picture, which can properly show the light, color, shape or delicacy of ancient artworks. So, if we want to receive some good idea about such treasures, we have to see them live. That is why such exhibitions are extremely popular and always crowded. There are many known representations and images of King Tut, which remained from ancient times. Recently the revolutionary event took place, when the team of Egyptian, American and French specialists managed to receive a new facial image of Tutankhamen. It was presented in three-dimensional CT scans of the Pharaoh’s skull, but the only uncertainty was left, which is the tone of King Tut’s skin. Of course, such researches are priceless. But, to my mind, there is no better imagination of a historical personage, than the one, which can be received from observing original artworks and genuine historical materials. After visiting this exhibition, I have formed my own clear picture of this Egyptian legendary king in my mind, which, I suppose, is not very different from his real appearance and character. Bibliography: â€Å"Canopic Stopper of King Tut.† King Tut. King Tut Exhibition, Los Angeles County Museum of Arts. 8 Nov. 2005 ;http://www.kingtut.org/gallery/Gold_57.htm;. â€Å"Tutankhamen.† Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 6 Nov. 2005. 8 Nov. 2005 ;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Tut;. ;

At the end of June 2003, the Federal Reserve cut interest by a Essay

At the end of June 2003, the Federal Reserve cut interest by a quarter-point to 1.0 per cent, their lowest level in 45 years. Explain the three main channels by - Essay Example f the aggregate demand in the economy, - consumption, investment and government spending, these appear to be the three main channels, through which interest rate influences aggregate demand. The decrease of the interest rates accounting other factors being stable, leads to the increase of the new equipment among firms, which they plan to purchase, it also increases the number of new houses, and the goods of long-term use. Changes in the price levels through the impact on the amount of money in use also influence interest rates. Changes in the interest rates, caused by the changes in the price levels, changes the aggregate demand on goods and services; however, in graphic form this does not make the aggregate demand curve shift; it only reflects the movement along the already existing line. (Handa: 2000) However, interest rates also create another impact. No matter what may be the reason of the interest rates change, their level impacts aggregate demand as a whole. Separately from the price level change, the aggregate demand curve shifts with the changes in interest rates. For example, if the government comes down to the higher expenditures and loans to cover the deficit, with the other conditions stable it leads to the increase of interest rates and negatively influences the plans of expenditures for the firms and individuals. If the supply of the finances for loans increases abroad, the interest rates stay stable, keeping aggregate demand from decrease. (Handa: 2000) Consumption is the most considerable part of the aggregate demand, and it is wise to start the discussion of the interest rates decrease with the impact it creates on consumption. Individuals acquire their incomes in the form of salary, and the capital profits. A portion of the income is spent for paying taxes to governmental structures. On the other hand, government also provides individuals with subsidies (social insurance, unemployment payments, etc.). The decision about consumption lies in the

Activity with Viual Aid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Activity with Viual Aid - Essay Example I, too, waÃ'• impreÃ'•Ã'•ed when I previewed BaÃ'•ecamp'Ã'• featureÃ'• in Ð…oftware Development'Ã'• People and ProjectÃ'• NewÃ'•letter in May 2004. However, aÃ'• I've grown more familiar with BaÃ'•ecamp, I've found it hard to overlook one important detail: The application haÃ'• no way to produce a Gantt chart. Gantt chartÃ'•â€”thoÃ'•e horizontal bar chartÃ'• that Ã'•how dependencieÃ'• between taÃ'•kÃ'• and the eÃ'•timated time in which they might be completed—have been the mainÃ'•tay of project managerÃ'• ever Ã'•ince mechanical engineer Henry Gantt demonÃ'•trated in the early 1900Ã'• how one can be uÃ'•ed to track taÃ'•kÃ'•, workflow and Ã'•cheduling all at once. The Ã'•yÃ'•tem became Ã'•o popular that it'Ã'• Ã'•aid that managerÃ'• working on the Hoover Dam and the U.Ð…. interÃ'•tate highway Ã'•yÃ'•tem uÃ'•ed Gantt chartÃ'• to keep track of their projectÃ'•. Unfortunately, Gantt chart Ã'• haven't retained their popularity. Ð…ome criticÃ'• now argue that they pull a project manager'Ã'• focuÃ'• away from the project and onto perfecting pretty graphÃ'• that don't match reality. OtherÃ'• claim that the chartÃ'• are created only to pleaÃ'•e higher-upÃ'• and are therefore a diÃ'•traction to the actual project team. (ParadiÃ'•, 21-88) 37Ã'•ignalÃ'• haÃ'• contributed to the baÃ'•hing with itÃ'• BaÃ'•ecamp ManifeÃ'•to, in which it Ã'•tateÃ'• from the Ã'•tart that "ProjectÃ'• don't fail from of a lack of chartÃ'•, graphÃ'•, reportÃ'• or Ã'•tatiÃ'•ticÃ'•, they fail from a lack of communication."... Good project manager ue it to help themelve and other on the team undertand how all the given tak on a project relate to one another. And if that reult in a developer finally eeing how hi work fit into the bigger picture, or if it get a buine ponor to undertand why you can't poibly compre the chedule anymore, the chart ha done it job. (Paradi, 21-88) I upect that part of the backlah againt Gantt chart come from the fact that many project manager have trouble getting Microoft Project (the mot popular tool for creating uch chart) to do what they want it to do. The problem here i the tool, not the chart. And thi repreent a big opportunity for 37ignal. If "the interface i the product," a the company ay in it manifeto, why not build an innovative but eay-to-ue interface for creating and diplaying Gantt chart In all but the mot baic cae, Baecamp uer are already having to cope, pec and chedule tak for every project, o why not let them do it all one place-perhap even collaboratively (Paradi, 21-88) Unfortunately, 37ignal eem determined to ignore cutomer who need a charting feature. In a recent thread in a 37ignal dicuion forum, CEO Jaon Fried reponded to one cutomer requet with a tere, "We will not be adding Gantt chart, orry. It' jut not going to happen." In another thread, Fried announced that the company ha no plan to add "chart, graph, tatitic or number-laden report" to Baecamp. It' too bad, really. Thi oftware houe ha done ome amazing thing with interface and collaboration. For intance, 37ignal' Writeboard document collaboration product i o intuitive and handy that you have to wonder why no one ele built it that way to begin with. Baecamp, however-with it lack of any way to viualize the project information

Issues with Executive compensation and benefits Research Paper

Issues with Executive compensation and benefits - Research Paper Example Moreover, assessing the strategies adopted by those organizations to mitigate such challenges, recommendations for the management of EL Camino Hospital will be drawn on how to resolve the situation. Historical View of El Camino Hospital El Camino Hospital is regarded as one of the oldest non-profit healthcare organizations operating in the state of California, the United States. The construction of the hospital building started in the year 1958 with a total investment of around US$ 7.3 million. It is worth mentioning that the funds invested were generated though issuance of funds to the general public. The hospital started operating in the year 1961 with a total of 300 beds, which gradually increased over the years. The hospital often been regarded to be the first to implement computerized medicinal information system. This particular development attracted a larger volume of people to avail the services offered by the hospital. Since its establishment, the hospital has also acquired a substantial number of well-known medical institutions under its name, making it one of the biggest as well as oldest non-profit healthcare organizations in the state of California (El Camino Hospital, 2013). Assessment of Current Challenges As revealed in the article, i.e. ‘El Camino Hospital Officially Files Lawsuit over Executive Pay Cap’, the hospital has filed a lawsuit against Service Employees International Union (SEIU). SEIU is a form of international labor union, which aims to protect employee welfare and to mitigate the problems faced by the labors while conducting various sorts of operational functions (SEIU, n.d.). The prime intention of the lawsuit can be interpreted as to negate a voter-backed initiative that would limit the compensation of the executives of the hospital. Thus, from this particular notion, it can be affirmed that the current challenge faced by El Camino Hospital is linked with executive compensation. Relating to the article, it can furthe r be observed that the people or the individuals within the hospital county voted to support the clause measure M taken to restrict the compensation obtained by the top-level management of the hospital, which was then accounted to be less than twice the salary of California’s governor. The lawsuit of the hospital identified two officials named Kary Lynch and Laura Huston as defendants, stating that they were found to be the main individuals who supported the clause (measure M). It is worth mentioning that the hospital also filed a suit against the chief Human Resource Manager of the hospital for being equally liable in motivating the employees to support the clause under the guidance of SEIU. Lawyers were also appointed by the non-profit healthcare organization to restrict the measures into healthcare districts, which were being supported by the SEIU. It is worth mentioning that although the hospital did not mention the name of SEIU, Mr. Lynch and Ms. Huston were directly add ressed in the lawsuit (Herman, 2013; Modern Healthcare, 2013; Embarcadero Media, 2013). Review of Other Organizations That Had Similar Situation and the Strategy They Used To Address the Issue In the current phenomenon, there are certain organizations, which have to face similar issues concerning the arrangements of executive compens

PROBLEM STATEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PROBLEM STATEMENT - Essay Example At a societal level, difference and its history of institutionalization in apartheid is a constant challenge in South Africa: the most glaring difference being between those who have resources and those who do not. There is also constant awareness of the different losses they struggle to make sense of. Many South African couples struggle to survive economically, or even physically, with illnesses such as Aids and Tuberculosis; others are torn between their traditional and new religion, culture, identity, and family structures. Some might face trauma from the high crime rate, the loss of friends and family through emigration and an uncertain future, with the prophetic words of Breyten, Breytenbach ringing in their ears from across the Pacific: If you Can Stand the Loss, Leave S.A. Now (headline in the Cape Times, November 2008). All change, of course, is typically accompanied by some feelings of loss. (Marris, 1974). The issue of managing difference and loss, most especially when this is extreme, preoccupies many South Africans. In this regard, the words of Charles Waldegrave (2008) come to mind: When you begin to honour different cultures equally, you can expect many cross-cultural collisions. In this paper we suggest that it is in the conscious mourning and reparation following cross-cultural collisions or the confrontation of differences in couple work and in society that the healing of relationships can start to flourish. The differences - death and life, black and white, haves and have-nots can begin to challenge each other in a way which could eventually lead to reflective and responsible introspection, and hence to more grounded reparation. In South Africa, however, this process often seems more complicated. In South Africa the process of mourning is frequently blocked by unconscious processes, most especially in times of trauma and extreme forms of loss. This idea arose

Management and the Cultural Industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management and the Cultural Industries - Essay Example Thus, culture is a myriad of different aspects of society including formalized and unofficial systems. (Davey) As culture is evolving constantly by the developments around the society, industries such as the media which include print, radio, television, music, entertainment among others represent the culture of a society and also influence it to a certain extent. These industries, that are known as cultural industries produce cultural texts, which are manifestations of the prevailing, culture for example ‘An American Brat’ by Bapsi Sidhwa is a book that represents the culture of Zoroastrians and how it is affected by moving to a Western country and integrating into a different cultural environment. Cultural industries create cultural texts which can be anything from books to music to newspapers and fashion. In America, during the time of flower power, the music and the fashion represented and promoted the culture of that period expressing harmony and bohemianism. However , cultural industries are influenced by other factors beside the prevailing culture itself such as the political scenario and economic conditions, they are driven by profit and often the texts are dependent on revenue and commercialism rather true creative representations of culture. Thus, this report focuses on the extent to which cultural texts are affected by political and economic factors. Culture and the political economy The political economy approach to culture focuses on how the production and distribution systems governing the cultural industries affect culture and cultural texts. The approach focuses on the interaction of political systems, economics, state institutions, social institutions and everyday life. The political and economic factors in a society determine to a great extent which faces of culture are promoted and which are neglected due to the dependence of cultural industries on revenue and profit and the power wielded by the state. (Kellner, 1999) This approach includes the conflict between the communist and capitalist approach. A capitalist economy would be focused on achieving the most with regards to revenue and thus focus on the popularity and profitability of the text whereas the communist economy would be more sensitive to political power and be restricted by it. However, even in a democratic capitalist setting the state would be involved in media matter regarding products such as cigarettes advertising, thus influencing the content of cultural texts. (Kellner, 1999) THE US AND EUROPEAN APPROACH The two main political economy approaches to cultural texts are the US and the European. The US model is the Schiller-McChesney tradition which focuses on the use of power and information media. The European approach focuses on cultural industries and the ‘commodifying of culture’. It addresses the information and entertainment side and focuses on the creation, production and delivery of cultural texts as well the audience respo nses. It inserts the creators of text; authors, musicians, performers and others in the context of the market. (Cultural Approaches to Economy and the Media, 2010) CULTURAL TEXTS AND GOVERNMENT CONTROL The political economy approach identifies how cultural texts are affected by government control. However, in a free market economy cultural texts generated through cultural industri

Identify any internal control weakness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Identify any internal control weakness - Essay Example allowing the currently approved credit customers to continue their credit orders until they stop patronizing the company, allowing bankrupt/delinquent customers to future credit purchases. The internal control should include ageing of accounts receivable as basis for preventing delinquent/bankrupt customers from future credit purchases (Rittenberg, 2011). Third, the company uses external shipping entity creating a higher risk of sending the wrong item types or wrong number of items shipped. The company should send an employee to the external shipping company to inspect and ensure the right item types and quantities are shipped to the customers (Rittenberg, 2011). Fourth, taking orders through the internet (chat orders) or through phone calls increases the risks of errors or frauds. The customers may deny they called up or chatted through the internet with the company to order the items received by the customers. The better internal control is to use the signed order document from the customers as basis for shipping the customers’ ordered items (Rittenberg,

HUMAN GROWTH BEHAVIOUR (SOCIAL WORK) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

HUMAN GROWTH BEHAVIOUR (SOCIAL WORK) - Essay Example role confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generatively vs. stagnation and ego integrity vs. despair. According to the theory, successful completion of these stages will ensure a positive personality (Erikson, 1995). J. Bowlby who is known as the father of attachment theory (Cherry, n.d) first created the attachment theory. According to Bowlby, attachment needs begin when a child is born and continues throughout his life. The infant develops his first attachment with his mother who is the first and most important caretaker. A child has natural instincts to explore the world, but if while exploring he encounters a danger; he will take refuge by coming back to his mother for security. Moreover, discipline must be the main part of a child is training otherwise it will affect his future (Barnes, 2004). Bowbly discovered that the infants who had a strong bond with their mothers, had high IQ levels, strong self-esteem and performed well at school. The infant develops a sense of security and has a positive impact later on his life. Another renowned psychologist Mary Ainsworth later extended Bowbly’s theory by stating the main styles of attachments; secure attachment, ambivalent-insecure attachment, disorganized attachment and avoid-insecure attachment (Holms, 1993). Ambivalent-insecure attachment refers to a situation when a child becomes extremely insecure when the parent leaves, this happens due to the unavailability of a parent. In Avoid attachment, the infant tries to avoid or distance the caregiver and may easily trust a complete stranger. The reason for such behavior is the result of abusive parenting styles. In disorganized style of parenting, a child may both avoid and trust a parent, thus it results in disorganized behavior in child. Hence, attachment theory is very useful in understanding a relationship not only between a mother and child but also between adult partners. Mary is 45 years old and is in relationship with a man for more

Hardware and software Essay Example for Free

Hardware and software Essay Angela and David need to buy a computer. They plan to use it to produce letters and newsletters, to create a website, to keep the club accounts, to record members of the club, and to detail stockists of tandems in their area. They have never bought a computer before and have around i 1800 to spend on both hardware and software. Hardware Main Processing Unit The work they will be doing on the computer is not the most demanding for a computer, so the specification of it will not need to extremely high. I would recommend a fast, budget processor, like a Celeron or Duron. These are cheaper than Pentiums and Athlons and for the tasks Angela and David are carrying out, they will not notice much difference in performance. A clock speed of 1000-1500Mhz would be sufficient for their needs. On the memory front, I would recommend 256Mb of memory, as it is an amount that would make Microsoft Windows XP and Office XP run smoothly, and it is also the standard requirement for most modern software programs. The memory will also be useful as it will allow a large number of files, in this case web pages and graphics, to be open at one time. A motherboard will be needed, and it will need to be compatible with the processor and memory chosen. There will need to be a sound card and a video card, and as they will not be using these to use graphics intensive programs, such as games, I would suggest that they chose a motherboard with these already built in. into the motherboard to keep costs down. It will need to contain several different types of ports. There will need to be around 4 USB ports (for various peripherals, e. g.digital camera, scanner, printer), a parallel port (for the printer or scanner), two PS2 ports (one each for the keyboard and mouse), and a serial port (some digital cameras still connect his way). This will give them a choice of connection options and extra peripherals. A modem will be needed to connect to the Internet. I would recommend an internal modem as it takes up less room and does not require plugging into the mains. The modem will need to be a normal dial-up modem, not ADSL or cable, as they do not require broadband. The modem will need to be a 56K modem to increase speeds. I would also recommend the V92 standard of 56k modem, which has a faster upload speed than previous standards, so they spend less time uploading their website. An ISP will also be needed. There are many different ones, but I would advocate the use of a free ISP, where you only pay for the calls, as it does not appear that they will be using the Internet to such an extent where a subscription-based unlimited service would work out cheaper. The ISP also needs to have web space for the users, so the Tandem Club website can be uploaded. Freeserve is an example of an ISP that does this. Input Devices The keyboard and mouse are standard for any Windows computer. In this case, both will need to be connected to the PC via the PS2 port. I would recommend an ergonomic mouse with a scroll wheel, as this aids computer usage a great deal. The keyboard should be comfortable to use for Angela and David, but a normal keyboard should be recommended for them, rather than the peculiarly shaped ergonomic ones, which would be a little awkward to understand for a beginner. I would also recommend a scanner. This will aid them in creating their newsletters and web pages. Photographs of their cycle rides and social gatherings could be scanned and inserted into their documents. Signatures can also be scanned in. For their usage, I would recommend a plain, low-priced flatbed scanner, as these are very simple to use and will do what they need it to. It does not need to be high definition, just around 600dpi, and it does not need a high colour depth. This is because images on the web are compressed and lose quality, and the images in the newsletters will be small. A digital camera would also be a good idea as it will allow them to quickly get images into the computer, without going through the trouble of scanning them. They would only require basic functionality from it, so one costing around i 100 would be adequate. Output Devices The monitor is a very important part of the computer set-up as it is the way the user knows what the computer is doing. As Angela and David will be spending quite a while looking at the monitor, I would recommend a fairly large 17-inch model, as this will make computing easier as it is easier on the eyes and reduced the need for scrolling up and down. Angela and David will need a printer in order to produce hard copies of their documents. I would recommend an inkjet printer, with a fairly high resolution (around 1200dpi) so that they can change between the different resolutions they need. They also need one that is economical to run, which have replacement cartridges that are inexpensive to replace. Speakers would also be a good idea, as they will open up other uses of the computer in the future, such as digital music, internet browsing, controlling Windows, and multimedia applications. Storage The computer will need a hard drive, to store all of the data from the various programs on it. For the needs of David and Angela, I would advocate the use of a 40Gb hard drive. This will allow plenty of room for them to store their programs, documents and images. As they are novices, this size of hard drive will take an extremely long time to fill up, if ever, which is good for them as it means they do not have to worry about technical matters inside the computer. In order to install the software that they will need, a CD drive is obligatory. They are quite cheap and I would recommend a 52-speed drive, which means that data is read from it extremely quickly, reducing the time needed. The couple have no need for a DVD drive, as they do not require viewing of DVD Video discs or DVD software. Although floppy disk drives are an old technology, I think that the Williams computer will need one. This will allow them to create backups of their files, providing they are not too large, and it will also allow them to distribute images to other members of the Tandem Club. Software Operating System. All computers require an operating system and usually comes pre-installed, and in this instance, I would recommend Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition. This new version is more stable than previous versions, and offers a lot help to the user, which will aid them in getting to grips with computing. It also comes with a number of built in applications, such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6, Outlook Express 6, FrontPage Express (needed for web pages), a number of utilities, such as Disk Defragmenter, and inbuilt games, like Minesweepers. It is also compatible with a large amount of software, equipment and utilities. This costs i 164 alone, but it costs a lot less when pre-installed. Office Suite The Williams need to create several different types of document with their computer, such as letters, newsletters and accounts. Several different types of programmes would be needed to create these, such as word processing and DTP, but these are often bundled together into an office suite. There are several different ones, such as StarOffice and Lotus SmartSuite, but the one I would recommend is Microsoft Office, in particular, Office XP Standard Edition. This suite contains most of the software David and Angela need; Word, a word-processing program, for letters, Excel, a spreadsheet package, for the accounts, and Outlook, a contact management and e-mail program, for keeping the details of club members and tandem stockists. It also contains a good help system, and as it is widely used, there is a lot of documentation in shops and many computer magazines give advice on it, which is helpful if you are having difficulty. Microsoft Office XP Standard costs around i 300, but if either David or Angela were teachers, or had children in education, they would qualify for the discounted Student and Teacher price. Other Applications In order for David and Angela to create their web pages, they will need to use a web page editing program, such as FrontPage Express, which is bundled with Internet Explorer for free. On the subject of web pages, they will need a program to create graphics, and to process the images received from the scanner or digital camera. I would recommend the purchase of Paint Shop Pro, an image-editing program, which is bundled with Animation Shop, which creates animated graphics for the Internet. Paint Shop Pro can work with scanners, which would be useful in this case, and contains image enhancement, optimisation for the web. This costs i 65 for the version 7, the latest, but I would recommend an older version, such as 6, which will be a little simpler to use, and will carry out most of the functions that the newer version does for less money. Version 5 of Paint Shop Pro, although extremely functional, is often given away on the covers of computing magazines for around i 5, so this would be a useful way to save money. In order to create newsletters, a desktop publishing program is needed. There are many different programs of this type, such as Microsoft Publisher, Adobe PageMaker and Greenstreet Publisher. In this case, I would advise the Williams to purchase Microsoft Publisher 2002. It contains wizards and templates to aid in the creation of newsletters, as well as other documents like posters. As it is part of the Microsoft Office XP family, the interface is very similar, so it will be easy to get to grips with if they understand other Office products. This costs around i 100. Health and Safety Angela and David will need to be aware of health and safety issues before using their computer. Set-up Do not force cables into ports   Keep cables tidy, neat, and out of the way   Do not turn on the electricity before all the cables are in. Usage Organise an electrical safety check at least once a year Use an adjustable chair with backrest   Use a wrist support   Take regular breaks from the computer. Position the computer correctly   Do not consume food or drink near a computer. Adjust position in seat so arms are horizontal, mouse is in easy reach and eyes are level with top of VDU.   Follow instructions on consumables like printer ink and dispose of them correctly.   Install a screen filter to protect from eye strain   Keep the screen clean with anti-static screen cleaning solution, not polish to reduce glare   Adjust position of computer and monitor to reduce glare from lighting Upgrading   When upgrading the computer, always turn the power off, be gentle, and take anti-static precautions, e. g. anti-static mat William Neale 11MC.

The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play Essay Example for Free

The relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play Essay Explore the relationship between Macbeth and Lady Macbeth in the early scenes of Shakespeares play. Make specific reference to Act 1, Sc 5 and 7 and Act 2, Scene 2. At the beginning of Act 1, Scene 5, we see Lady Macbeth reading a letter from her husband. This letter outlines Macbeths battle with the Norweyans and his meeting with the three witches. He also tells his wife that he has been honoured by his King, and has a new title, Thane of Cawdor, thus fulfilling the first of the witches prophecies. Macbeth tells his wife that the witches hailed him King that shalt be, and addresses her as his partner of greatness. This can been seen as a sign of a good relationship. Macbeth is telling his wife of something major that may happen to him, and trusts her. He also calls he his partner of greatness, telling us that the Macbeth believes he and his wife are of equal stature and have ambition for each other. This shows a balanced relationship. Macbeth trusts his wife implicitly when he tells her of the witches prophecies, Lay it to thy heart, He says in a conspiratorial tone. Lady Macbeth obviously knows her husbands character well, and knows would be more than hesitant about killing his own King for his own gain, but that he is, not without ambition Macbeth is a honourable man and a good warrior and servant to his King. Lady Macbeth fully recognises this and knows he would no want to kill his King. yet I do fear thy nature, It is too full of the th milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way Lady Macbeth seems to be the more dominant of the two in the relationship, and seems more likely to take real action to ensure that he will be King than her husband. She speaks of convincing her husband, Hie thee hither, That I may pour my spirits in thine ear, And chastise thee with the valour of my tongue All that impedes thee from the golden round A serf then interrupts her soliloquy, to inform her that the King will arrive at the Macbeth castle on that very night, and Lady Macbeth is surprised. She speaks of King Duncans entrance under her battlements, seemingly emphasizing her possession of the household, ..the fatal entrance of Duncan Under my battlements. Lady Macbeth now invokes murdring ministers to take over her body and thoughts, to give her the determination and strength to inspire her husband into murdering his own King. This shows that Lady Macbeth is prepared to go to any lengths to get what she wants. .Come you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here. .Come on my womans breasts, And take my milk for gall. However, Macbeth is not so easily won over. He will not give in to such a treacherous idea with out some discussion, and does not want that discussion as soon as he returns to his home, We will speak further, he says in a commanding tone. Lady Macbeth again shows her cunning in the matter and points out to Macbeth that he can look innocent but still commit this terrible crime. She seems to think this is perfectly all right and encourages him to, .look like th innocent flower But be the serpent undert. We leave the scene with Lady Macbeth assuring her husband that everything will be fine if he will, .Only look up clear; To alter favour ever is to fear Leave all the rest to me. At the beginning of Act 1, Scene 7, we are presented with Macbeth in a room in his castle, pondering his options. He seems to be more convinced that he could murder his king, but he is still not certain. He is filled with self doubt and is afraid of the consequences this dreadful act will harbour. Macbeth feels that one murder will not immediately bring about his coronation, and that he may have to kill many others, ..if th assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease, success; that but this blow Might be the be-all and end-all While mulling this point over, it dawns on Macbeth what a truly horrible deed the murder will be. He realises his duty as his kings subject, and this bears heavy on his mind, .Hes here in double trust: First, as I am his kinsman and his subject, Strong both against the deed: then, as his host, Who should against his murderer should shut the door. Macbeth feels alone and in isolation. He has no one to turn to, to discuss his intent to be king. He cannot tell any of his other house guests that he is considering to kill his king. Macbeth makes a decision not to attempt to kill the king, and knows only his greedy ambition is making him even consider this vile act, ..I have no spur To prick the sides of my intent, but only Vaulting ambition which oerleaps itself, And falls on th other- At this point Lady Macbeth interrupts his quiet thought. This is a pivotal point in the play. Macbeth has clearly made up his mind not to kill Duncan, We will proceed no further in this business, but Lady Macbeth thinks she can convince him otherwise. Lady Macbeth seems horrified at her husbands apparent weakness. Macbeth is a brave warrior, who has killed for his country many times, but will not take a dagger to a single man in his own home, .Wouldst thou have that Which thou esteemsst the ornament of life, And live a coward in thine own esteem, Letting I dare not wait upon I would' Their now seems to be immense tension on the once flourishing relationship. Macbeth is disgusted that he may be called a coward, and claims he would do anything any other man would, and more, I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. Lady Macbeth uses brutal and impassionate words to try to change her husbands mind, .I have given suck, and know How tender tis to love the babe that milks me I would while it was smiling in my face Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums, And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn as you Have done to this The use of this graphically horrific image turns Macbeth into acceptance of his wifes plans; although he does try one last ditch attempt to talk himself out of the deed, If we should fail? This feeble effort to find a way out of killing is immediately put down by his wife, who is sure they will succeed, We fail? But screw your courage to the sticking-place, And well not fail What cannot you and I perform upon Th unguarded Duncan? Lady Macbeth is trying to convince her husband that they will be partners in this act, but in reality, all she will have to do is set the scene for the murder, whereas Macbeth must commit the foul deed. Macbeth is in complete awe of his wifes self-belief, and is convinced that she is so unladylike that she may , Bring forth men-children only, For thy undaunted mettle should compose Nothing but males. Macbeth has decided to give in to his wifes domineering personality and puts his trust completely in her, I am settled. The couple, having seem to have overcome this temporary disruption in their marriage, now plan to participate in the murder of the guest, King Duncan. They agree to greet the news, of his untimely death with complete disbelief and horror that such a thing could happen in their own home, False face must hide what the false heart doth know. At the start of Act 2, Scene 2, we encounter Lady Macbeth returning after poisoning Duncans chamberlains. She seems to be exited by the prospect of the murder, and, no doubt, the prospect of being Queen of Scotland. She is enthralled and confides in us, That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold; What hath quenched them hath given me fire. Macbeth himself appears more subdued when reappears on stage carrying the bloodstained knives of the chamberlains, showing none of the fiery passion of his wife. In fact, Macbeth seems to be preoccupied with the sounds of the night. He tells his wife of Donalbains cry of murder in his sleep. Donalbain then prayed, but Macbeth could not answer his prayer. He is preoccupied with what may be the punishment from God for his abominable act, Listening their fear, I could not say Amen, When they did say God bless us!' His wife is comforting, fearing Macbeth may expose that they, not they chamberlains are the perpetrators of the crime, Consider it not so deeply. .These deeds must not be thought after these ways; so, it will make us mad. Macbeth continues in his irrational babbling, against the desires of his wife, clearly in complete disbelief of his acts. Methought I heard a voice cry Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep, the innocent sleep. His wifes cool calm exterior appears to be at breaking point, and her frustration is obvious at her husband, and compares him to a frightened child, Infirm of purpose! Give me the daggers. The sleeping and the dead Are but pictures. Tis the eye of childhood That fears the painted devil Shakespeare now uses knocking as a stage device, signifying the urgency of the situation. The couple have no time to brood over their actions, but still lady Macbeth manages to keep her composure, under immense pressure, My hands are of your colour; but I shame To wear a heart so white [knock within] I hear a knocking At the south entry. Retire we to our chamber. Macbeth now completely regrets the nights incidences and wants to undo the horror he laid upon his king, to know my deed, twere best not know my self [Knock within Wake Duncan with thy knocking. I would thou couldst. By the end of this scene, we see the once close and happy couple growing further and further apart. Lady Macbeth concerns herself with the immediate future, whereas he husband is emotionally shattered, and will never be the same man again. This violent scene is the beginning of the constant corrosion, which plagues the couple throughout the play, eventually resulting in complete communication breakdown.

The Sony Strategy Failure Management Essay

The Sony Strategy Failure Management Essay Sony is the combination of two word sonus and sonny. The both words sonus and sonny is a latin word. The literal meaning of sonus is sound and, sonic and sonny is little son. Easy to pronounce and read in any language, the name Sony, which has a lively ring to it, fits comfortably with the spirit of freedom and open-mindedness. Since, Sony is the combination of two word sonus and sonny, represents a very small group of young people who have the energy and passion towards unlimited creations and innovative ideas. Sony foundation was started in 1946 when Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita worked together with a small team of obsessive and committed group of employees build Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo (Totsuko), or Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute (billion dollar global conglomerate). In 1958 the company was formally adopted Sony Corporation as its corporate name. The main objective of the company is to design and create innovative products which would benefit the people. Sony a marketplace creator and leader After the World War II, Sony became popular after applying applied transistor technology, which was invented by  Texas Instruments  (TI). The co-founder of the Sony, Akio Morita was always kept looking for technological advancement and for that the company leadership spent countless hours in innovatively thinking about how to apply these advances to improve lives.   With such a passion for creating new markets, Sony was an early creator, and dominator, of what we now call consumer electronics because of the following reasons as given below: Sony improved solid state transistor radios by making good quality sound and also inexpensive to. Sony developed the solid state television by replacing tubes to make TVs more reliable, better working and use less energy. Sony developed the Triniton television tube, which dramatically improved the quality of color (yes Virginia, once TV was all in black white) and enticed an entire generation to switch.   Sony also expanded the size of Trinitron to make larger sets that better fit larger homes. Sony was an early developer of videotape technology, pioneering the market with Betamax before losing a battle with JVC to be the standard (yes Virginia, we once watched movies on tape). Sony pioneered the development of camcorders, for the first time turning parents and everyone into home movie creators. Sony pioneered the development of independent mobile entertainment by creating the walkman, which allowed for the first time people to take their own recorded music with them, via cassette tapes. Sony pioneered the development of compact discs for music, and developed the walkman CD for portable use. Sony gave us the play station, which went far beyond  Nintendo  in creating the products that excited users and made home gaming a market. Very few companies could ever boast a string of such successful products.   A report said that in Sony executives spent 85% of their time on technology, products and new applications/markets, 10% on human resource issues and 5% on finance.   Mr. Morita said that financial results were just those results of doing a good job developing new products and markets.   The origin and impact of Japan Inc on Sony By the middle 1980s, America was panicked over the absolute domination of companies like Sony in product manufacturing.   Not only consumer electronics, but also in automobiles, motorcycles, kitchen electronics, steel and a growing number of markets.   Politicians referred to Japanese competitors, like the wildly successful Sony, as Japan Inc. and discussed how the powerful Japanese Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI) effectively shuttled resources around to beat American manufacturers.   Even as rising petroleum costs seemed to cripple U.S. companies, Japanese manufacturers were able to turn innovations (often American) into very successful low-cost products growing sales and profits. What went wrong for Sony? In 1950 W. Edward Deming had convinced Japanese leaders to focus, focus on making things better as well as faster and cheaper.   Taking advantage of Japanese post war dependence on foreign capital, and foreign markets, this U.S. citizen directed Japanese industry into an obsession with industrialization as practiced in the 1940s and was credited for creating the rapid massive military equipment build-up that allowed the U.S. to defeat Japan. Unfortunately, this narrow obsession was left Japanese business leaders, by and large, with little skill set for developing and implementing RD, or innovation, in any other area.   As time passed,  Sony felt victim to developing products for manufacturing, rather than pioneering new markets. Sony had ended up in a cost/price/manufacturing war with  Dell, HP, Lenovo and others to make cheaper PCs rather than the exciting products.   Sonys evolved a distinctly industrial strategy, focused on manufacturing and volume, rather than trying to develop uniquely new products that were head-and-shoulders better than competitors. In mobile phones Sony hooked up with, and eventually acquired,  Ericsson.   Again,  no new technology or effort to make a wildly superior mobile device  (like Apple did.)   Instead Sony sought to build volume in order to manufacture more phones and compete on price/features/functions against Nokia, Motorola and Samsung.   Lacking any product or technology advantage, Samsung clobbered Sonys Industrial strategy with lower cost via non-Japanese manufacturing. When Sony updated its competition in home movies by introducing Blu-Ray, the strategy was again an industrial one about how to sell Blu-Ray recorders and players.   Sony didnt sell the Blu-Ray software technology in hopes people would use it.   Instead it kept Blu-Ray proprietary so only Sony could make and sell Blu-Ray products (hardware).   Just as it did in MP3, creating a proprietary version usable only on Sony devices.   In an information economy, this approach didnt fly with consumers, and Blue Ray was a money loser largely irrelevant to the market as was the now-gone Sony MP3 product line. In the case of televisions, Sony was lost the technological advantage it had with Trinitron cathode ray tubes.   In flat screens Sony has applied a predictable, but money losing industrial strategy trying to compete on volume and cost.   Up against competitors sourcing from lower cost labor, and capital, Sony was lost over $10 billion over the last 8 years in televisions.  Sony  hasnt made a profit in 4 consecutive  years, just recently announced it will double its expected  loss  for this year(2012) to$6.4 billion, has only 15% of its capital left as and was  only worth 1/4 of its value 10 years ago. Sonys Leadership was a keen conspirator to the failed strategy Akio Morita was an innovator and new market creator of Sony.   But, Mr. Morita lived through WWII, and developed his business approach before Deming.   Under Mr. Morita, Sony was used the industrial knowledge Deming and his American peers offered to make Sonys products highly competitive against older technologies.   The products led, with industrial-era  tactics  used to lower cost. But after Mr. Morita Sonys other leaders were trained, like American-minted MBAs, to implement industrial strategies.   Their minds put products and new markets, second.   First was a commitment to volume and production regardless of the products or the technology.   The fundamental belief was that if Sony had enough volume, and cut costs low enough, Sony would eventually succeed without any innovation. By 2005 Sony reached the pinnacle of this strategic approach by installing a non-Japanese to run the company.   Sir Howard Stringer made his fame running Sonys American business, where he exemplified industrial strategy by cutting 9,000 of 30,000 U.S. jobs (almost one third.).Mr. Stringer, strategy was not about innovation, technology, products or new markets. Sonys industrial strategy was cost-cut first, products are less meaningful Mr. Stringers industrial strategy was to be obsessive about costs. Where, Mr. Moritas meetings were 85% about innovation and market application. Mr. Stringer brought a modern MBA approach to the Sony business, where numbers especially financial projections came first.   The leadership, and management, at Sony became a model of MBA training post-1960.   Focus on a narrow product set to increase volume, avoid costly development of new technologies in favor of seeking high-volume manufacturing of someone elses technology, reduce product introductions in order to extend product life, tooling amortization and run lengths, and constantly look for new ways to cut costs.   Be zealous about cost cutting, and reward it in meetings and with bonuses. Thus, during his brief tenure in Sony Mr. Stringer will not be known for new products.   Rather, he will be remembered for initiating two waves of layoffs in what was historically a lifetime employment company (and country.)   And now, in a nod to Chairman Stringer the new CEO at Sony has indicated he will  react to ongoing losses by another round of layoffs.   This time estimated to be another 10,000 workers, or 6% of employees.   The new CEO, Mr. Hirai, trained at the hand of Mr. Stringer, demonstrates as he announces ever greater losses that Sony hopes to somehow save its way to prosperity with an Industrial strategy. Since Japanese equity laws are very different that the USA.   Companies often have much higher debt levels.   And companies can even operate with negative equity values which would be technical bankruptcy almost everywhere else.   So it is not likely Sony will fill bankruptcy any time soon, if ever. After 4 years of losses, and entrenched Industrial strategy with MBA-style leadership focused on numbers rather than markets, there was no reason to think the trajectory of sales or profits will change any time soon. As an employee, facing ongoing layoffs why would you wish to work at Sony?   A me too product strategy with little technical innovation that puts all attention on cost reduction would not be a fun place and offers little promotional growth. And for suppliers, it was assured that each and every meeting will be about how to lower price over, and over, and over. Sony was once a company to watch. It was an innovative leader, which pioneered new markets.   Not unlike Apple today.   But with its Industrial strategy and MBA numbers- focused leadership it is now time to say, sayonara.   Sell Sony, there are more interesting companies to watch and more profitable places to invest. Questions: Highlights Sonys industrial strategy? What was the reason for the failure of Blu Ray strategy? What was the threat for employee as well as the supplier? Examine the opinion of both Morita and Stringer?

Identifying the Main Character in The Use of Force :: Personal Narrative

Identifying the Main Character in The Use of Force Since Olson narrates the story, I was tempted to focus on his opinions and motives in accessing and handling the intense situation of diagnosing a sick child. Though tempted to focus on Olson, after meticulous analysis of the passage, I noted Matilda as the character that force is being applied to-clearly a manifestation of the title of this story. All attention and focus is on Matilda employing care to her appearance as well as her fluster. Matilda just would not allow Olson to take cultures from the back of her throat. Olson’s blunt remarks to Matilda’s naà ¯ve parents â€Å"for heavens sake...she might have diphtheria and possibly die from it,† doesn’t affect the child in the least. Nothing changes. Diphtheria is an infectious disease in which a membrane forms over the air passage. Olson orders one parent, whom he subconsciously had not disclosed, to place the child on his lap and hold her wrist. Matilda shrieked terrifyingly, desperately, â€Å"Stop it! You’re killing me!† Matilda’s mother is even more naà ¯ve than her father because obviously Olson told the child she would die of a sore throat to startle her and prompt gravity to the urgency of acquiring the cultures. Yet, Matilda’s mother still questioned the doctor contemptibly till her husband had to suggest that she take leave of absence from the room, inferring that diphtheria is deadly. Olson’s ego is ruffled, for he states that he could have torn the child apart in his own fury and enjoyed it. It was a pleasure to attack her. Force is implied from the statements ‘Then the battle begins’ and ‘Oh yeah’ in Olson’s objection to the alternative to go to the hospital. This is embodied by the descriptions: abject, crushed, exhausted, magnificent heights of insane fury, and terror for the doctor. The doctor wrestles with Matilda and her parents. Operative determination in the final unreasoning assault, to overpower her neck and jaws to insert the tongue depressor, succeeded. Focus shifted from each character back to the child. Olsen speaks about the other characters at length, at all times referring their effect or concerns on the child. The only mention of defensiveness is in Matilda. She had fought valiantly, hiding the secret of her sore throat and cried blinding tears. Olson becomes impatient calling Matilda â€Å"a damn little brat,† emphasizing her ignorance when he says she has to be protected from her idiocy.

The Reagen and Bush Presidencies Essay -- Comapre Contrast Comparison

INTRODUCTION It is widely accepted that George Bush Snr. was forced to play out his presidency in the mighty shadow of Ronald Reagan. Reagan's charm and personality was one of his greatest strengths and, even now, is widely revered for his time as President. Bush was reportedly always conscious of people's expectations of him in view of his predecessor and this burden seemed to weigh heavily. Reagan's achievements in Washington were considerable, if not in number then in impact. His political and strategic skills were impressive and Bush cannot be said to have equalled his achievements at home, and this is borne out by Bush's failure to win re-election. Nevertheless Bush made some staggeringly important contributions to the international arena and is deeply respected for his part in world events where there is every reason to suspect that Reagan would not have been. The huge differences between the two are even more interesting given that Bush was a dutiful Vice President to Reagan for eight years and sought on gaining office only to take over where he left off. Bush did not set out to ring the changes between Reagan and himself; quite the opposite. He purported to be the archetypal guardian president; consolidating Reagan's good work and continuing to steer America on the same path. So why then did they turn out to be such almost polar opposites? This essay explores the realms of domestic politics, vision and leadership and international issues with the focus on drawing comparison between the two men and their styles of leadership and analysing in each instance who may have been the more effective president. I will conclude that, regardless of actual achievements real success in presidential terms depends on successful handling of the media, an area Reagan understood and Bush never would. IMAGE, PERSONALITY, AND MEDIA RELATIONS It is almost universally agreed that Ronald Reagan's greatest strength, certainly early in his first term and arguably until he left office was his ability to communicate with the American people. He won the presidency not only on his package of radical reforms at a time when the current policy orthodoxies had failed the Americans (along with most of the rest of the western world), but on his winsome personality, his awesome eloquence and his considerable charisma. A direct comparison with Margaret Thatcher can ... ...symbolism than the vast disconnect between what people close to Bush perceive about the man and what much of the public ultimately believed" Reagan, on the other hand, is remembered not only for his reforms in policy, but overwhelmingly for the connection he managed to achieve with the American voting public. This not only secures him a place in fond memory but was ultimately what allowed him to achieve that which he did whilst in office; "In the modern era, the presidential image is tantamount to reality" . Where Bush might easily have been the better President given the requisite media talents and a little more political sophistication, in fact Reagan came out of his term of office the more successful of the two. BIBLIOGRAPHY Â · Kellerman, B., 'The Political Presidency', Ch. 11; (1984) Â · Light, P., 'The President's Agenda' Chs. 10, 11, 12; (1999) Â · Mervin, D., 'George Bush and the Guardianship Presidency', Chs. 2, 9; (1996) Â · Rose, R., 'The Post-Modern Presidency', Ch. 15; (1991) Â · Rozell, M. J., 'In Reagan's Shadow: Bush's Antirhetorical Presidency', Presidential Studies Quarterly; (Winter 1998) Â · Wildavsky, A., 'The Beleaguered Presidency', ch. 12; (1994)

Generation Ecstasy :: essays research papers

For my book report I read Generation Ecstasy. There was so much information in the book about the rave scene and "ecstasy", I didn't know where to begin. It's been ten years since the English seized on Detroit techno, Chicago house, and New York garage as the seeds of what's generally agreed-over there, at least-to be the most significant music since punk, and they're celebrating with a slew of historical studies. Simon Reynolds attempts to bridge the gap with "Generation Ecstasy," an exhaustive compendium of almost every rave-associated sound and idea, both half-baked and momentous, that traces the digital Diaspora back and forth across Europe and America. Using the multiple perspectives of music critic, enthusiastic participant, and sociological outsider to trace the development of dance music's "rhythmic phsycadelic," Reynolds, finds two predominant, contrasting strains: the search for gnosis, or spiritual revelation, and the desire to get completely out of it at the weekend. Setting these timeless traits in the context of the up-to-the-minute technology that made rave emblematic of its era-the fragmentary, fast-forward aesthetic, the flexible production and distribution network, the avoidance of personality and narrative in favor of sensation-he comes up with a portrait of hi-tech millennium that resonates well beyond its subculture confines. There are those who might find a book to analyze music that often aims for the effect of a sledgehammer to the head a mite pretentious. Yet the radicalism of dance music lies precisely in its "meaninglessness," which, paradoxically, requires intellectualization in order to get at its significance. This problem is particularly acute for Reynolds, who wants to both valorize everything about techno that makes it resistant to rock-crit "literary" analysis, and also explain exactly why it really did mean something, man. His central tool for resolving this contradiction is the idea of the "drug-tech interface": the reciprocal relationship between Ecstasy (and other less central intoxicants) and machine music that resulted in a feedback loop between sounds geared to enhance the rush, and rushes that inspired producers to take sound into new spaces. The drug-tech interface gives "Generation Ecstasy" a narrative backbone that applies again and again, ac ross continents and cultures from Texas, where Ecstasy culture first reared its head in the mid-'80s, to Scotland, Holland, and Germany. The story starts with the initial, utopic discovery of Ecstasy and its boundary-lowering qualities, and ends, with varying degrees of speed, with the descent into polydrug abuse and depression.

Analysis Of Miles Davis’ “Kind Of Blue” Essay

In early 1959, jazz trumpeter Miles Davis laid down the foundation for a whole new style of jazz music. Through his â€Å"Kind of Blue† modal jazz was born. This record became a classic, at times showing its complexity through the soloing, but also allowing the educated listener to revel in the simplicity of the modes. Davis planted the seeds for this new style in his album â€Å"Milestones† but â€Å"Kind of Blue† showed that the style had matured and was more developed. From the introductory piano/bass duet to the final notes, it is clear that Davis captured something original. The album was recorded in only two sessions and went on without any prior rehearsal or music written out. Davis only provided general â€Å"sketches† of each song for the musicians, which they read and improvised over. For the task of recording, Davis put together an all-star lineup with some of the greatest jazz musicians in music history. The rhythm section was composed of Paul Chambers on bass, Jimmy Cobb on drums, and Bill Evans on piano, except for â€Å"Freddie Freeloader†, which featured Wynton Kelly on piano. To round out the band was the horn section, led by Davis himself, and completed by alto saxophonist Cannonball Adderley, and tenor John Coltrane. The individual band members were great musicians in their own respect, but when shepherded by Davis for the â€Å"Kind of Blue† sessions, the music they produced was incredible. If â€Å"Kind of Blue† is a musical journey, then surely the rhythm section is the flight crew, insuring that the passengers have a smooth ride. Throughout the entire album, the beat is kept steady, the comping never clutters or inhibits the soloist, and the chord changes are right on the money. With a tight rhythm section laying a solid foundation, Davis, Adderley, and Coltrane are free to take their solos in any direction they choose. Even from the first song, a mellow blues based tune, â€Å"So What†, we can hear the creativity at work. The interplay between Evans and Chambers in the intro is so melodious; it is hard to believe it was achieved without rehearsal. Then the signature melody line, delivered by Chambers, then answered by the horn section, kicks in before we are led into the first solo section. Davis then takes us into his modal playground and allows us to  listen as he runs free. The solo makes you run the emotional gamut from sheer joy to melancholy and despair in the space of a minute. The band performs equally well on the second track, â€Å"Freddie Freeloader† and provide a melody line that many musicians use for impromptu jam sessions because of its catchiness and simplicity. It is a pleasant set up for the next tune called â€Å"Blue in Green†. â€Å"Bleu in Green† is interesting because it is not in a standard form, but in a ten-bar circular form. This provides a challenge for the soloist to follow the form, but they manage the changes beautifully and effortlessly. The next song is â€Å"All Blues†, which is another 12-bar blues, but is metered in 6/8 and has an overcast mood assisted by Davis’ use of a Harmon mute and the piece’s minor tonality. To end the record, they recorded â€Å"Flamenco Sketches†, the only song in these sessions to have two takes. All in all, â€Å"Kind of Blue† has worked its way into the hearts of millions of jazz fans with good reason. Davis has never had a tighter band behind him and every player exudes their confidence and knowledge of their instrument with every note they play. The end product is a beautiful blend of evocative solos and innovative progressions that deserve to be heard, studied and loved by anyone who appreciates good jazz.

Conflicts in the Godfather Essay

The God come is an insightful sociological study of violence, function, pay back and obligation, corruption, justice and crime in America. sectionalisation I of The Godfather Trilogy c images on the Corle wholeness crime family in the boroughs of New York City in the mid(prenominal) 1940s, dominated at root by the aging godfather/patriarch Don Vito Corleone. As a turn-of-the-century Silician immigrant, he is the head of one of the five Italian-American families that operates a crime syndicate. The unspoiled crime family, working outside the schema due to exclusion by genial prejudice, serves as a metaphor for the focussing business (the pursuit of the American dream) is conducted in capitalistic, profit-making corporations and governmental circles.Although employment in bearing may seem unpleasant, literature readers flummox it to be quite exciting. The fictitious characters involved indoors a contravene clearly weather out as to what they truly intend in and who they atomic number 18 as a person. In Mario Puzos, The Godfather, a number of encounters are revealed through the Mafia underworld.The first, and most grave counterpoint that is demonstrated in The Godfather, is revealed mightily away through The Assassination commence on Don Corleone. The Don shows the conflict of man vs. society by first refusing to enter the dose business. This decision, impart ultimately effect the future conflicts that are revealed throughout the story. By refusing to participate in the drug business, the Corleone Family becomes outcasts of the five major crime families in New York. By doing so, the Don sparks the fight between his family and the other five families. This struggle ends up lasting for several geezerhood and costs many an(prenominal) lives.The second conflict that is present in The Godfather, is the conflict of diverging ideas vs. his fathers ideas. Santino, Sonny, Corleone, demostrates this conflict by deciding to go against his father s beliefs. Sonny feels that drugs are the liaison of the future and he decides that if his father dies, he will make the deal of entering the narcotics business. Tom Hagen, the adopted son of Vito Corleone, in addition believes that by entering the drug business, the Family will become much more successful later downthe road.A one-third conflict that is present in The Godfather, is the conflict of man vs. himself. This conflict is demonstrates through the character of Michael Corleone, the youngest son of the Don. Michaels conscience is at war with his with his desire. After the assassination take in charge on his father, Michael feels that he needs to guide involved and help his father slip away the Family business. However, his mind also feels that it is wrong to enter the criminal business.In conclusion, it is clear that many conflicts exist in Mario Puzos, The Godfather. They include, man vs. society, divergent ideas vs. fathers, and man vs. himself. Together, these conf licts create an ambitious plot that captures the viewers economic aid to the Mafia Underworld during the 1940s and 1950s in New York. Mario Puzos materpiece studies the power of conflicts that involve violence, power, honor, obligation, justice, and corruption.

Political Advertising: Candidates for Sale Essay

The Internet has not diminished the importance of telly advertizements in presidential elections. The latter tolerates to be one of the most effective way of obtaining votes. In as short as 30 seconds, a television advertisement faecal matter convince voters more or less the competence and integrity of a particular scene. The advertisement sells the candidate with as much enthusiasm and savour as when it is selling products and services (Elliot, n. pag. ). However, policy-making advertisements atomic number 18 not without contention.Akin to all other forms of advertise, they atomic number 18 subjective. As they atomic number 18 ge bed towards selling circumstantial candidates, it is inevitable for governmental advertisements to present a bias point of view. Their subjectivity is sometimes obscured by horrible trappings that ar bombarded with images of the Statesn flags, the White accommodate and Mount Rushmore (Elliot, n. pag. ). Despite questions about their reli ability, political advertisements pull up stakes continue to be an indispensable part of presidential plays.Candidates in recent presidential elections have concentrate their television commercials on battleground states such as Ohio and Florida. This trend is expected to increase there argon already about 20 battleground states as of this year. In addition, presidential candidates Barack Obama (Democrat) and John McCain (republican) ar twain running nationwide advertisements (Elliot, n. pag. ). Political advertising was basic developed and used in the mid-19th century.In ramble to generate turnout, political parties during this period distributed buttons, banners and posters to voters at topical anaesthetic candidate rallies and at polling places on Election Day. only it was not until the advent of mass media in the twentieth century that political advertising was elevated to its rate of flow status. The first national beseech commercials were broadcasted through piano tuner in 1928 for presidential contenders Herbert Hoover (Republican) and Al smith (Democrat) (Elliot, n. pag. ).The arrival of television in 1952 increased the cardinality of political advertisements in presidential campaigns. In the same year, Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower (nicknamed Ike) was promoted in animated commercials that bannered the catchy slogan I homogeneous Ike, tuning him into the first presidential candidate to step up in television advertisements. These were followed with short commercials empower Eisenhower Answers America, wherein Eisenhower was featured replying to questions from average voters about issues such as the rising cost of living and the Korean War.Eisenhower Answers America was frequently played during the commercial breaks of hit sitcoms like I Love Lucy, resulting in its instant popularity among voters. win presidential candidates followed suit, paying advertising firms millions of dollars to create catchier campaign advertisements for them (Elliot, n. pag. ). What makes political advertising effective is its ability to show information to a wide audience indoors a short period of time. Furthermore, the manner in which they transmit information often appeals to the emotions rather than the intellect.Candidates are packaged as capable and trustworthy leadership who entered public office to serve the ordinary citizen. Candidates are in like manner sometimes portrayed as the enormous-awaited alternate(a) to a useless incumbent regime. As a result, the latter often makes political advertisements appear as smear campaigns against political opponents. These negative political advertisements, however, are the types of advertisements that have the greatest impact on people. They loan an overly-simplistic, us-versus-them philosophy, which, in the process, does the looking for the voters.Consequently, negative political advertisements are very potent campaign materials. They reach everyone, including those who do not pa y much attention to the campaign (Elliot, n. pag. ). This need for mobility is the reason for political advertisings gradual shift from the television to the Internet. Websites such as YouTube. com (http//www. youtube. com) contain countless clips of political advertisements which people can access from virtually anywhere at any time.In addition, YouTube. om allows its members to post comments on the video clips that they viewed. In the context of political advertising, this can result in discussions that can help sharpen public perspicacity regarding politics and the electoral process. While negative political advertisements are effective in gaining votes, they are noisome to American society and politics in the long run. According to Mike Hughes, president of an advertising part in Richmond, Virginia, negative political advertisements are also untruthful.They often deceive voters by using power point effects and half-truths that make a candidate appear deserving of the positi on that he or she is aspiring for. Hughes was quick to add that this was not the fault of advertising agencies most political advertisements nowadays are created by political consultants who specialize in campaign commercials. distant advertising agencies, which face criminal prosecution in the event that they produce inaccurate pitches, these consultants are allowed by the First Amendment to create political spots as part of their right to free speech (Elliot, n. pag. ).The deceitful usage of political advertisements is very dangerous, as it sends the people, especially the youth, the message that the only way to disembowel leading in life is through lying. In addition, voters are tricked into voting leaders who will not think twice about resorting to deceptivey just to get what they want. A leader who got into power through dishonest means will most likely remain in power through dishonest means as well. Thus, there is a big chance that lying in political advertisements wi ll set ahead to violation of civil rights and liberties disguised as tax shelter of national security.

Civil War in Sierra Leone

I. IntroductionBetween 1991 and 2002, sierra Le peer slight was firmly shamed by a trem send a bearingously un struggleranted urbane b reveal. This elegant struggle erupted beca determination of the attach dissatis incidention of the race, in special(prenominal) the jejuneness that were absorb by the malcon cardinalt rotatory join mien (RUF), to assert of contendds the policy- fashioning relation of the cl ca enforceish that was cross aside as chthonic by its degeneration, o missionary station and electoral strength. It took the lives of e realwhere 50,000 individuals, dis practiced e very(prenominal)where dickens billion inhabitants and too heavy ruin their subject atomic digit 18a saving. jibe to capital of Minnesota coal miner and moon daisy Duponchel (2010), sierra Le matchless was at the utmost- spot direct of the linked bucolics emergence broadcasts (UNDP) gracious mature drop dead armamentt baron (HDI) by and by the civ ician struggle came to an end. The head of this topic is to head for the hillst frugal aid on how this courteous state of state of contendf befargon was carried by, the efforts make to split up the contrast as easy as the effectuate the struggle brought on its economy and puff up-be nursedians. on that pointfore, officealisation whizness of this opus on the wholeow for sample how the resources of sierra Le angiotensin-converting enzyme contributed to the elegant contendf be. surgical incision dickens ordain establish the demographics of the parties winding in the strugglefargonf be. discussion section tierce allow for c unrivalled timentre on the repercussions that the genteel contend brought on sierra Le ace(a) and the nett section go divulge prove the efforts do to dally calm into sierra Leone.II. particle one How fool sierra Leones inborn resources contributed to the contend? permits destiny closely-nigh with a mount an nals of the political situations that in the front define ca apply the courtly state of contend in sierra Leone. In the geezerhood by and by(prenominal) contendd(prenominal)(prenominal) the termination of sierra Leones basic flowering see Sir Milton Margai in 1964, the g everywherening of the ground was to a vast extent than and untold terrific by well-nigh(prenominal)(prenominal) invalidating positionors, much(prenominal) as turpitude and mismanagement, that die to the modify of the complaisant ordination resulting in the defeat of a bounteous numerate of the offspring who absorbed themselves in the mutinous heart of the RUF. This was because of s announcear(a), such(prenominal) as Albert Mergai, who employ sierra Leone for their pro birdcall egoistic interests curtlyer than in the slews interest.Mergai, interlockinging his associate Milton Margai, employ the terra firma for his receive personal take a leak by level(p) vic timization the forces to pulley-block multi-party elections which be to end his traffic pattern. When Siaka St as buts succeeded, in that respect was proceed conclusion of state institutions.His rule was characterized by rottenness and pet projects financed by the treasury, which in conclusion became bankrupt, wholly benefiting those next to him. by and by(prenominal) move sierra Leone into a unilateral state, St rases in conclusion stepped set ashore in 1985. major(ip) frequent Joseph Momoh acquire the final causet of prime(a) curate and spare abreasted in the footsteps of St steadys by take dispirition resulting in lie with economic disintegration.The fact that the leadinghip employ the abounding resources of sierra Leone for their confess self-aggrandisement make the bucolic one of the sufferingest countries in the macrocosm by the prison term the complaisant state of state of strugglefare took place in 1991. (Gberie, 1998)The sierr a Leone war began on manifest 23rd, 1991, when the student- lead RUF began its rebuff a slayst the Serra Leone administration, which commenced in Liberia and interruption to the fudge regions of Kailahun and Pijehun. some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) members of this maverick fragment were idle disg consecrate to disciplinet guide tierce- division-old men who were make by Charles Taylors jump national loyal look usurpation in Liberia.With the championship of Lybia and Charles Taylor, RUFs aim was to pull binding from realness fictional character the organization activity of the every wear(predicate) masss carnal know directge (APC) that was run by the presidencies of Siaka St level offs and Joseph Momoh which prolonged debauchion, among antithetic(a) things. (Humphreys and Weinstein, 2008)several(prenominal) researches place that the front of alluvial adamants, lay let on in regions such as Kono an d Kenema, ushered in a cultured war in umteen slip dash. Firstly, during the organisation of St tear d fetchs, the super unmatched benefits of the adamant dig foil big-and-easy sierra Leoneans.Profits from the subject study infield archeological site flowerpot (DIMCO) totally en sizeableed Stevens, political relation members, and prestigious production clientele race that were pie-eyed with Stevens. Subsequently, the establishment anomic take in maneuver of the infield dig areas when DeBeers, one of the worlds leading rhombus companies, ceased doing production line with the sierra Leonean administration in 1984.As a result, at that place was bootleg import and employment of sierra Leones baseball fields with the increase deprivation into the private investors pockets. Although the home(a) look intoal persuasion Council (NPRC) seized king in 1992, with the pessaryping point of fall decomposition and restoring the revenues of the ball fields endure to the state, the RUF acquired take in of these superabundant alluvial baseball field areas to finance the grease ones palms of weapons and ammunition obtained from countries compar equal to(p) Liberia and ginzo. The pretty admissionibility of these adamants was an inducing for rage. (Harsch, 2007) Although baseball fields were a far-famed commodity, power(a) ship lowlifeal to computer memory the sierra Leone genteel war were besides pre direct.A salmagundi of iron, bauxite, hot chocolate and burnt umber were in copiousness in the untaught. thither was lucky excavation in roughly areas of sierra Leone as well as funds stray earth which were even much(prenominal) than communal by means of compel labor. along with the lavishly affect of infields, several of these minerals financed the bit in sierra Leone with exports revenues as naughty as USD 25 cardinal and USD cxxv meg a year.sierra Leoneans who get together the disse nt assemblage RUF in auxiliary pl infraed cars, fund and coin which benefactored them in gaining more postal code and force. (Lujala, 2005)III. naval division 2 The demographics of the parties conf employ in the warWhen the RUF was kickoff run agrounded by Foday Sankoh, it was best-selling(predicate) among several sierra Leoneans because of the acrimony they felt towards the corrupt capital of sierra Leone elites.It had a catchword that memorise No much Slaves, No more Masters. forefinger and wealthiness to the masses that assure free teaching, wellness precaution and a fair communion of the baseball diamond buffet to the mint. It did non claim to bout for a particular cultural base or regularise and did non deem nigh(prenominal) Marxist, collectivist or commie agency of thinking. Its but destination was to unsay the corrupt political sympathies from designer although they provided pocket-sized cleverness on what form of regime wo uld follow it. (Denov, 2010) However, as cadence passed, the RUF au pasttic a personality for organism a massively atrocious strike up convocation during its ten year war.Although at that place is no distinct info to see the form of barbarianren that were gnarled in the war, it has been ground that the RUF were the first to figure children as soldiers. gibe to the fall in Nations assist accusation in sierra Leone (UNAMSIL), oer 10,000 children of some(prenominal) wind upes were complicated in the fighting in one way or a nonher. They were kidnapped in their villages and townships during attacks execute by the RUF.With their allies, the African Forces rotatory Council (AFRC), girls and boys were make in separate units such as the vitiated Boys building blocks (SBUs) and mild girls Unit (SGUs) which were g everywherened by several officers. The disparity in the midst of how girls and boys were utilise is that, in tote upition to universe used as f ighters, girls were withal trip out slaves. unsaltedgirls were to begin with used for domesticated labor, since they could non justly fight yet, and thusly became perk up slaves as they grew older.The atrocity of the war had rooted(p) their senses, which were a wish shamed by medicate abuse. In instal to perplex alive, they had to oftentimes blend merciless. some of these children had to either remove or cleanup their love ones to acquaint that they were loyal. (Denov, 2010)An additional gas of the militarization of children once against their volition was the re- hitch of children after the unarmament assist took place in 1998. Several children were re-enlisted jeopardize into the build up separateings. This peculiarly pertain children who did not go families to go foul to even in advance the war started. Children who were allow go from decocts give care the lag portion out Centre, which was a center created to attention displaced chil dren, had no causality(a)(prenominal) place to go after demobilisation.They in conclusion got captured by the ascends and were laboured to tell them if they had either brformer(a)s or sisters that ran extraneous. (Jow, 2004) The sierra Leone organisation everywherely followed in enlisting children to a lower place Momohs rule. Momohs political relation guard chiefs and regulate leaders to cause courtlyians into local anaesthetic unofficial roots to add soldiers into the sierra Leone host (SLA).When Momoh fled to Guinea, the NPRC regimen of Valentine Strasser was principally accountable for the proudest enlisting of children into the army to hike up the nitty-gritty of soldiers they previously had. There was an illicit enlistment of children piece of music the income and benefits of the deceased person soldiers was stolen by elderberry bush officers for whom this war had stimulate a money-making business. (Jow, 2004)When the war was over, some childr en did not slide by to their lifespan families. This was in general because some of them were abducted so juvenility that they did not even comport whatever remembrance of their families. few were so frightened of organismness rejected by their families like some some others waste been that they refused to go derriere home.Girls were peculiarly numb of rejection for being sex slaves to the rebels oddly if they had babies from them. or else than type shame, a numeral of these populate terminate up on the streets with probative health problems since just close to of them were prone to the drugs that were initially forcibly administered by the rebels during the elegant war. (Kamara, 2004)IV. percentage three Efforts make to stop the cultured warIn certify 1995, a few old age after the war started, a armed forces assort cognise asexecutive Outcomes (EO) entered sierra Leone. Its mission was to extend the diamonds and mineral mines endure to the poli tics, eradicate the hold in centers of the RUF and to manoeuvre a program that would mold general sierra Leoneans to foster the sierra Leone presidency. EO was a soldiery group that hire Angolans and Namibians that were well adept in direct counter attacks against the RUF.EO united hale with the Kamajors, some other para military machine unit group that surfaced against RUF, and the SLA to force the RUF rebels out of the diamonds centers they firmly seeled for several long time. after EO took over RUFs centers of operation go about a town called Bo, the RUF had to own up to their losings and gull the Abidjan yetness Accord. This consent, however, demanded that the EO get by the res eartha. EO was told to circulate by the sierra Leone presidential term even out front the reach of another(prenominal) rest retention operation force. (Bellows and Miguel, 2005)The AFRC, behind up by members of the RUF, took business leader after executive director Ou tcomes left field(p) the artless make chairwoman Kabbah to flee to Guinea in exile. The AFRC partnered with the RUF rebels designation Foday Sankoh the surrogate lead of the AFRC. The achievement manufacture Yourself introduced a solid pertly level of force out against the clear inhabitants who had their limbs chop up off.As a result, m all another(prenominal) were against the AFRC because their actions break the cultured rights of the mess. The AFRC coup detat of the presiding organisation was similarly condemned by the frugal partnership of western African States (ECOWAS), the joined Nations and the composition of African champion (OAU). Diplomats were sent clog up to their countries, missions were cancelled, and the pastorals social station in the ground was put on hold. (Olonisakin, 2008)In October 2007, the appointment of the stinting confederacy of western hemisphere African States monitor gathering (ECOMOG) brought the AFRC and RUF insurgents t o the negotiating table. The rebels concur to a ceasefire by write the capital of Guinea sleep Plan. The fighting, however, hush continued. Although ECOMOG forces were able to be cured _or_ healed the Kabbah judicature, they had silly pedagogy in counter-insurgency attacks from the RUF.Therefore, the rebels went to capital of sierra Leone to scraping neighborhoods and snipe citizens without discrimination. This batter of citizens is cognise as military operation No alert amour. Thisled the Kabbah government pick out making right smart compromises in the capital of Togo field pansy balance. (Wright et al., 2010)The conditions of the capital of Togo pause Accord, sign(a) on July 7th, 1999, were that Sakoh would be allowed to go unpunished. He would in addition be name as Vice-president of the perpetration that oversee the diamond mines of the unpolished. In return, the RUF concur to discharge and disarm its rebels downstairs the shackles of ataraxis keep ing forces led by ECOMOG and the unite Nations.This conformity led to numerous sierra Leonean protests along with other world rights militant because of the fact that Sankoh, the leader of the RUF answerable for indefinable atrocities, got away scot-free and was in like manner prone bid over sierra Leones diamond mines.However, this accord was very all- heavy(a) for the government to convalesce quiet finished a appendage know as Disarmament, demobilisation and Reintegration (DDR). During this disarmament, demobilization and reintegration process, ex-soldiers were happy to use their skills for a unaggressive line of belong for cardinal weeks. (Williams and Alfred, 1999)The unite Nations bursting charge to sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) as well as joined to disarm and impose the conditions that were set up by the capital of Togo wild pansy Agreement and brought along military personnel, who increase over time, to pull off the diamond mines and the RUF who were all th e same undermining their authority.By marching 2001, the consequence of soldiers impart through the UN was up to 17,500. In may 2000, RUF detained UNAMSIL field pansykeepers to use their weapons and gain control of capital of sierra Leone once again which do UNAMSIL nullify acquire snarly in diamond mining areas controlled by the rebels.This re-armament of the RUF by UNAMSIL called for another military familiarity that was do to economy the calmkeepers and the sierra Leone government cognise as effect Palliser. This operation, which consisted of British kinglike Marines, religious serviceed in modify the domain. These marines evacuated extraneous citizens out of the realm and saved UNAMSIL from collapsing. The rebel forces were repelled from regions only than capital of sierra Leone, under the contain of ordinary David Richards, and military group was precondition back to the government. (Anon, 2000)As knowingness disruption about the diamonds of sierra L eone, the Kimberly surgical proceduremet to encounter in Kimberly, southmost Africa. The coupled Nation took cross out of the diamonds, besides know as contest diamonds, and its implications. The fall in States government followed, under the command of professorship flush Clinton, by forge a plan to keep the conflict diamonds out of the foodstuff healthyly.With 49 members re premiseing 75 countries, the Kimberly work on has make diamond industries stop exportations to Liberia, Canada and other leaders in the business. Although at that place are no diamond-fueled wars some(prenominal) longer, the Kimberly operate is heretofore performing an important role by maintaining st efficacy.It attends in development change work centers that are licensed as conflict-free and provides ways to resurrect legal legislative structures that lead to peace treaties support those in poverty. (Anon, 1998) V. parting quaternary The upshot of the cultivated war on the economy a nd the sierra Leonean concourseThe genteel war has had desolate effectuate on the socio-economic assure of sierra Leone. agribusiness was greatly dishonored make high lump of goods and unemployment. sierra Leones floor was in any case hard destroyed. roads were undone and the power return organization depreciated imputable to pick outiness of maintenance. The public health division was overly in a awed condition because of the steal of the hospitals and clinics during the war.The courtly war caused a administer of health professionals to sacrifice the nation out of attention instigating an great paucity of dependent mental faculty members present in hospitals. As live standards degenerate to the ground, smash the poorest even harder, some(prenominal) an(prenominal) another(prenominal) citizens locomote from campestral areas to the cities and towns hoping for best(p) accompaniment conditions. However, access to health serve depended on how much one could pay. Others were oblige to search refugee status in other countries time they lived in damnable conditions sorrowful from one area to another. (Kargbo, 2002)As eld went by, several Non political Agencies and the sierra Leonean government watch introduce sierra Leones recovery. The agricultural is recover well from it gracious war scars with the garter of the internationalist friendship and its partners. According to the data composed by the government of sierra Leone institutional rejuvenate and efficacy construct (IRCBP) in 2004 and 2005, districts that go with greater violence deem had more or less giveresults.To some extent, they seemed to be more politically nonionized then other areas that were less un vivid by the violence of the polished war. elector fitting was notably high in these areas. confederacy meetings were to a fault well inflated statistically. When an IRCBP come asked heap how the war unnatural their ability to work together, 60% of concourse declare that it had a absolute squeeze to their society. Theoretically, these changes could aim modify the public of sierra Leone. (Mutwol, 2009)Peace sojourned in the country with the befriend of the linked Nations peace missions. quaternity years after the war was over, in 2006, the last group of the 17,500 soldiers flew out of Freetown and left the impertinently apt legal philosophy in charge. Nowadays, the country is denote as a touring car leader with the help of British tour companies. They require courteousize and intrepid travelers, who ordinarily send for other more schematic holidaymaker destinations, to come to Sierra Leone and birth cocktails by their beautiful beaches.One causa is Lakka beach, which was a highlife destination sooner the war. It is attempt to pull in tourists by rivulet several restaurants and organizing fishing excursions for Europeans tourists. Sierra Leones goal is to be accepted for its cho colate coconut exclude sooner than by the tight civil war that occurred. (Desai, 2010)Although at that place has been gigantic come out over the last ten years, on that point are appease multitude of challenges that Sierra Leone must(prenominal) face. well-nigh of the former child soldiers father returned to their former lives without any education or jobs. Children are nevertheless found functional in the diamond mines. hightail it quieten system in providing jobs for the massively fired youths, cling to for the orphans and reclamation for children who were oblige to consecrate a number of crimes along with women of all ages who were to a fault ill-treated in many different ways.Since these women take over been ostracized by members of their own companionship for being sex slaves, thither is a need for more way and support function to help them get back to their communities. The predicaments of these people can in any case be lessen by increase the mea t of educational and professional training. This country also faces great challenges in restructuring its juridical institutions to more or less channel perpetrators of the war to justice. (Collier and Duponchel, 2010) VI.ConclusionThere are many misconceptions as to wherefore the civil war in Sierra Leone occurred. What involve to be mute about the civil war is that it was not ground on economic benefits acquired by the alluvial diamond mines. Although these diamonds have importantly contributed to the war, in that location was more than twenty years of poor governance, poverty, corruption and burdensomeness that helped in forming the RUF as frustrations against the government change magnitude over the years. This civil war has halt many people for life, in one way or another.Sierra Leone is belt up sustaining itself through the help of donors although it is very rich in natural resources. oftentimes work inevitably to be done to notwithstanding ameliorate the live s of the people in Sierra Leone who are still living in poverty. It is yet to been seen if peace impart remain in the country with the nub of dismissed young people meandering(a) in the streets. some(prenominal) scourge to the stability of the country should be dealt with peacefully as soon as possible.